Experience of women with multiple sclerosis during the period of compulsory home confinement due to COVID-19 in Spain.

Compulsory home confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic has had an influence on the physical and emotional health. Nevertheless, it has been more prevalent in women and in people with chronic illness such as multiple sclerosis, so the aim of this study was to know the experience of women with multiple sclerosis during the home confinement period in Spain. Seven women aged over 18 years, with a definitive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and who belonged to multiple sclerosis associations completed semi-structured interviews. Two main themes and multiple subthemes were identified. The first them was "living with multiple sclerosis during home confinement" which included the physical and emotional impact, confinement coping ability and time for reflection. The second theme was "the environment during confinement" and it included solidarity and support, family cooperation, importance of peer contact and adjustments in the health environment during the pandemic. The period of compulsory home confinement in Spain did not worsen the physical and emotional symptoms of these women. This might be related to the increased support they had received as well as the continuity of their rehabilitation activities at home. Regarding changes in health system, the participants referred the necessity to return to face-to-face visits.

European Educational Programmes in Health Emergency and Disaster Management: An Integrative Review.

There is a need for trained health professionals who can swiftly respond to disasters occurring worldwide. Little is known about whether the currently available programmes in disaster management are in line with the recommendations of expert researchers. Our objective was to qualitatively review the characteristics of European educational programmes in health emergency and disaster management and to provide guidance to help improve their curricula. We carried out an integrative review to extract the main characteristics of the 2020/21 programmes available. We identified 34 programmes, the majority located in Spain, the UK or France. The primary qualification types awarded were master's degrees, half of them lasting one year, and the most common teaching method was in person. Almost all of the programmes used a virtual university classroom, a third offered multidisciplinary disaster management content and teachers, and half of them employed situational simulations. The quality of European educational programmes in health emergency and disaster management has improved, especially in terms of using more practical and interactive teaching methodologies and in the inclusion of relevant topics such as communication, psychological approaches and evaluation of the interventions. However, generally, the educational programmes in disaster management have not yet incorporated the skills related to the intercultural and interprofessional awareness aspects.